1. Why Did Calypso Hold Odysseus Back From Going Home to His Family?

Nymph in Homer's Odyssey

This article is about the Calypso in Homer's Odyssey. For other uses, run across Calypso (nymphs).

Not to exist confused with Callisto.

Calypso
Detail from Calypso receiving Telemachus and Mentor in the Grotto past William Hamilton
Abode	Ogygia
Personal data
Parents	Atlas or Oceanus and Tethys
Siblings	Pleiades, Hyades, Hyas or the Oceanids and the Potamoi
Children	By some accounts Latinus, by others Nausithous and Nausinous

In Greek mythology, Calypso (; Greek: Καλυψώ , "she who conceals")^[1] was a nymph who lived on the island of Ogygia, where, according to Homer'due south Odyssey, she detained Odysseus for seven years. She promised Odysseus immortality if he would stay with her, but Odysseus preferred to return domicile.

Etymology [edit]

The proper noun "Calypso" may derive from the Ancient Greek καλύπτω ( kalyptō ),^[2] significant "to cover", "to muffle", or "to hibernate".^[iii] According to Etymologicum Magnum, her name means "concealing the knowledge" ( καλύπτουσα το διανοούμενον , kalýptousa to dianooúmenon ), which – combined with the Homeric epithet δολόεσσα ( dolóessa , meaning "subtle" or "wily") – justifies the reclusive graphic symbol of Calypso and her island.

Family [edit]

Calypso is generally said to be the daughter of the Titan Atlas^[four] and Pleione.^[5] Hesiod, and the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, mention either a different Calypso or perchance the same Calypso as one of the Oceanid daughters of Tethys and Oceanus.^[6] Apollodorus includes the proper name Calypso in his list of Nereids, the daughters of Nereus and Doris.^[7]

Mythology [edit]

In Homer's Odyssey, Calypso attempts to go along the fabled Greek hero Odysseus on her island to brand him her immortal hubby, while he also gets to enjoy her sensual pleasures forever. According to Homer, Calypso kept Odysseus prisoner by force at Ogygia for seven years.^[8] Calypso enchants Odysseus with her singing as she moves to and fro, weaving on her loom with a gold shuttle.

Odysseus comes to wish for circumstances to change. He can no longer bear being separated from his wife, Penelope, and wants to tell Calypso. He is seen sitting on a headland crying, and at night he is forced to sleep with her against his will.^[9] His patron goddess Athena asks Zeus to order the release of Odysseus from the isle; Zeus orders the messenger Hermes to tell Calypso to gear up Odysseus costless, for it was not Odysseus'due south destiny to live with her forever. She angrily comments on how the gods hate goddesses having affairs with mortals.

Calypso provides Odysseus with an axe, drill, and adze to build a boat. Calypso leads Odysseus to an island where he can chop down copse and make planks for his gunkhole. Calypso also provides him with wine, bread, wear, and more materials for his boat. The goddess so sets current of air at his dorsum when he sets sail. After vii years Odysseus has built his boat and leaves Calypso.

Homer does not mention any children by Calypso. Past some accounts that came later on the Odyssey, Calypso diameter Odysseus a son, Latinus,^[x] though Circe is usually given as Latinus' female parent.^[11] In other accounts, Calypso diameter Odysseus 2 children, Nausithous and Nausinous.^[12]

The story of Odysseus and Calypso has some close resemblances to the interactions between Gilgamesh and Siduri in the Epic of Gilgamesh in that "the alone female person plies the inconsolable hero-wanderer with potable and sends him off to a identify beyond the sea reserved for a special class of honoured people" and "to prepare for the voyage he has to cut downwardly and trim timbers."^[13]

According to Hyginus, Calypso killed herself because of her dearest for Odysseus.^[fourteen]

Philosophy [edit]

Philosophers have written about the meaning of Calypso in the world of ancient Hellenic republic. Ryan Patrick Hanley commented on the interpretation of Calypso in Les Aventures de Télémaque written by Fénelon. Hanley says that the story of Calypso illustrates the link betwixt Eros and pride.^[15] Theodore Adorno and Max Horkheimer brought attention to the combination of power over fate and the sensibility of "conservative housewives" in the delineation of Calypso.^[16]

Gallery [edit]

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  Calypso, blonde-haired goddess by Jan Styka (20th century)

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  Calypso calling heaven and earth to witness her sincere amore to Ulysses past Angelica Kauffman (18th-century)

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  Calypso receiving Telemachus and Mentor in the Grotto past William Hamilton (18th century)

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  Odysseus as guest at the nymph Calypso by Hendrick van Balen (circa 1616)

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  Hermes Ordering Calypso to Release Odysseus past Gerard de Lairesse (circa 1670)

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  Hermes bei Calypso und Odysseus by Hubert Maurer

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  Hermes orders Calypso to release Odysseus by John Flaxman (1810)

Notes [edit]

1. ^ Grimal, s.five. Calypso.
2. ^ Pontani, Filippomaria (2013). "Speaking and concealing – Calypso in the eyes of some (ancient) interpreters". Symbolae Osloenses. 87 (one): 45. doi:10.1080/00397679.2013.822722. ISSN 0039-7679.
3. ^ Entry καλύπτω at LSJ
4. ^ Homer, Odyssey, 1.14, 1.51–54, vii.245; Apollodorus, E.7.24. She is sometimes referred to as Atlantis (Ατλαντίς),^{[ citation needed ]} which ways the daughter of Atlas, see the entry Ατλαντίς in Liddell & Scott, and also Hesiod, Theogony 938.
5. ^ Hyginus. Fabulae Theogony 16.
6. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 359; Homeric Hymn 2.422. Co-ordinate to Caldwell, p. 49 due north. 359, the Hesiod Oceanid is "probably not" the same; see also Due west 1966, p. 267 359. καὶ ἱμερόεσσα Καλυψώ; Difficult, p. 41.
7. ^ Apollodorus, ane.two.7
8. ^ Homer, Odyssey 7.259
9. ^ Homer, Odyssey 5.151-155
10. ^ Apollodorus, E.7.24
11. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 1011
12. ^ Come across Hesiod, Theogony 1019, Sir James George Frazer in his notes to Apollodorus, Eastward.7.24, says that these verses "are probably not by Hesiod simply have been interpolated past a later on poet of the Roman era in guild to provide the Latins with a distinguished Greek beginnings".
13. ^ Dalley, S. (1989) Myths from Mesopotamia. Oxford University Printing, Oxford, NY.
14. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 243.7.
15. ^ Schliesser, Eric (23 September 2016). Ten Neglected Classics of Philosophy. Oxford Academy Press, 2017. ISBN9780199928927 – via Google Books.
16. ^ Horkheimer, Max; Adorno, Theodore (2002). Dialectic of Enlightenment. Stanford University Press. ISBN9780804736336 – via Google Books.

References [edit]

• Apollodorus, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation past Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.Due south. in 2 Volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Bulfinch, Thomas (2018-06-21). The Age of Fable: Stories of Gods and Heroes. Floating Press, The. ISBN 9781776524419.
• Caldwell, Richard, Hesiod's Theogony, Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Visitor (June 1, 1987). ISBN 978-0-941051-00-two.
• Candau, Brittany, Castro, Nachie (2013-15-ten). Disney Infinity: Infinite Possibilities. Disney Volume Group. ISBN 9781423197744, 1423197747.
• Grimal, Pierre, The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996, ISBN 978-0-631-20102-1. "Calypso" p. 86
• Dougherty, Carol (2001-04-05). The raft of Odysseus: the ethnographic imagination of Homer's Odyssey. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, Incorporated. ISBN 9780195351453.
• Hall, Edith (2008). The return of Ulysses: a cultural history of Homer's Odyssey. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-ane-4416-8132-4. OCLC 693781068.
• Hard, Robin, The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology", Psychology Press, 2004, ISBN 9780415186360.
• Hesiod, Theogony, in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, Massachusetts., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Homer, The Odyssey with an English Translation past A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Homeric Hymn to Demeter (ii), in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh 1000. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, Massachusetts., Harvard University Printing; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Hyginus, Gaius Julius, Fabulae in Apollodorus' Library and Hyginus' Fabulae: Two Handbooks of Greek Mythology, Translated, with Introductions by R. Scott Smith and Stephen M. Trzaskoma, Hackett Publishing Company, 2007. ISBN 978-0-87220-821-6.
• Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). "Calypso"
• Van Nortwick, Thomas (2009). The unknown Odysseus: alternate worlds in Homers Odyssey. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Printing. ISBN 9780472025213.
• W, M. Fifty. (1966), Hesiod: Theogony, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-nineteen-814169-6.

External links [edit]

• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Calypso". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge Academy Press.
• CALYPSO from The Theoi Projection
• CALYPSO from Greek Mythology Link

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calypso_%28mythology%29

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